ucwords

The ucwords() function turns the first character of each word in a string to upper-case, if the first character is alphabetic.

PHP

echo ucwords("ruby is easy.");
=> // Ruby Is Easy.

Ruby doesn’t have a function which can capitalize all the words in a string - so to accomplish this it’s a little bit harder. You need to split the string into words, then capitalize the first character of each word, and then finally join all the words back into a string.

Ruby

puts "ruby is easy.".split(' ').select {|w| w.capitalize! || w }.join(' ');
=> # Ruby Is Easy.

lcfirst

The lcfirst() function returns a string, with the first character in lower case - only if the first character is alphabetic.

PHP

echo lcfirst("Java is OK.");
=> // java is OK.

Ruby

my_string = "Java is OK.";
 
puts my_string[0,1].downcase + my_string[1..-1];
=> # java is OK.

ucfirst

The ucfirst function returns a string, with the first character capitalized - only if the first character is alphabetic.

PHP

echo ucfirst("ruby is great!");
=> // Ruby is great!

Ruby

puts "ruby is great!".capitalize
=> # Ruby is great!

array_change_key_case

This function changes all keys in an array by returning an array with all keys from argument lowercased or uppercased. Numbered indices are left as is.

PHP

$input_array = array('FirSt' => 1, 'SecOnd' => 4);
print_r( array_change_key_case($input_array, CASE_UPPER) );
// => array('FIRST' => 1, 'SECOND' => 4);

To replicate this functionality in Ruby, we need to use a Hash object, since arrays in Ruby don’t use associative key/value pairs.

Ruby

hash = {'FirSt' => 1, 'SecOnd' => 4}
 
result = hash.inject({}) do |hash, keys|
  hash[keys[0].upcase] = keys[1]
  hash
end
p result
# => { 'FIRST' => 1, 'SECOND' => 4 }

strtolower

Returns the argument provided with all alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.

PHP

echo strtolower('Ruby is pure OO');
// => ruby is pure oo

Ruby

puts 'Ruby is pure OO'.downcase;
# => ruby is pure oo